高效笔记六法

 

 

 

高效笔记六法

/ 吕布凡

“怎样做笔记更有效呢?”这个问题是学生常问的,也是不好一句两句话可以回答得清楚的问题,借此机会系统地总结一下我本人和一些优秀同学常用的笔记方法,希望能给鞍山一中同样优秀的同学们带来些许学习上的方便。

 

(一)              笔记备两套。准备2套笔记,之所以说“套”,很显然是希望同学们在各科的学习过程中都能准备上一本对应的笔记。那为何是两套呢?我常问同学们一句话:笔记是做给谁看的?同学们都很清楚,做给自己看的。上课是听知识点重要还是记笔记重要呢?一般老师是倾向于“听知识点比笔记更重要。”所以,你应至少拥有两套笔记,一套是随堂携带、随时记录的字迹不要求完美、图像不要求优美,结构不要求那么完整的、可能符号、简写连篇的笔记;另一套则是在复习阶段进行结构整理、文字补充,例题补白使用的。

(二)              简化处理随堂笔记。这里指的是第一套笔记,它的用途颇多。1.在你于课前做了预习功课情况,大致记下困惑的问题、不解的概念,做上记号、在上课期间精听、甚至可以在听后去找老师探讨你的不解之处。2.课堂中你可以把笔记的单页按照2:1对折,基本是在右手边留取1/3的空白,用于记录上课所遇到的问题,一些由于“灵光乍现”冒出来的问题也可以先放一放,先不去打扰老师讲课、也不必去中断同桌的思路,先记在“留白”处,课后进行“自己思考查资料问老师”三步解决法。如果留白处没有什么补充,也不用去担心“资源浪费”的问题,空白处还有一个用途,则是在遇到做错题、试卷的时候,可以把题目粘贴过来,作为进一步的补充。

(三)              精细化处理备用笔记。这里指的是第二套笔记,它是你在课后整理出来的,同样它不仅录入了你第一套笔记“预习问题”,“留白补充”,“例题补充”。在这里提醒同学,只要你的时间允许,请你务必使用手抄来解决这本笔记,因为《书写是记忆和反思的过程》,以后有机会再给同学们详细解说。这本笔记将伴随你的整个中学学习生涯、甚至令你大学的学习也因此受益,第四条会做详解。

(四)              用专用笔记整理“读书笔记”。很少有同学原意去记录自己做过的事情,那叫日记,同样,“读书笔记”是读书的过程中也需要记笔记,能做笔记的更是寥寥无几了。不少同学会误解,读课外书记一记还能理解,读数理化还用不用记?当然是要记,而且更重要,它的记录讲究的是思路,只有读书的过程中记得清楚了,你才有可能在讨论问题的时候描述得清楚,而只有你能够描述清楚问题的时候,你才能顺手地解决问题。关于《如何问问题》,有机会我也会来和大家交流。举个例子,关于生物实验或者化学电子得失平衡的问题上,那是我当年总去纠缠老师的难点,老师很尽心地解答我每一个“牛角尖”问题,我依然不断地去“烦”老师,而且题目类型相似,总在解答完题目后自己尴尬不已。直到后来,我开始在笔记上记录自己解题的思路,我是如何从A想到a,如何从a想到了B,结果我以为B怎样了,才感觉答案应该是选M的,在我记录和描述的过程中,老师就能频频指出:你看,你总是在a这个地方想到B,以后记住,从a这一步开始,下一步就是K了,虽然从K选出M,你蒙对了,但是思路是错的,以后注意了。希望这个“笨”办法能帮助同学们树立一些踏实求学的理念。当然,读书笔记是可以记课外书的,你可以想象在我初中没毕业之前,我零星地读完《东周列国志》,做了几大本笔记,待到整理的时候发现里面的事件居然可以和小时候读过的《资治通鉴》拿来比较、人物居然可以和《史记》、《战国策》相串联的时候,那时再看历史,真的就像“昨天发生的”,甚至有时做了文言文的题目,看到一个人物都知道他身上有什么事情发生。这完全受益于当时记录阅读的过程。

(五)              简化笔记。这一点借鉴于“口译”,等到大学时代你们有机会接触“同声传译”的时候,你就会印证一点,语言可以简化到惊人的地步,比如一个30个词的感慨,表达政府与政府间、公司与公司间的互相感谢和友好,则可以简化成:)即可。借鉴来,你可以在练习听力的时候,适当开发自己速记的能力,在各科的课堂上则可以应用于你的“第一套笔记”上,以最大化你的时间去听老师讲解为目标。

(六)              编写大纲和页码。这个工作本身其实不是一项特别有意义的事情,无非是查找方便,但是昨做完这一项任务后,你将在日后重复的自我复习过程中大为受益,比如你可以在重复、相似的题型边上简记下页码则很快可以比较、学习,在绘制“知识网络图”(以后再交流)的时候快速地把握全局,做到把握全局之后,考点、重难点则对你而言则早“浮出水面”了。

 

这六点是无论你是处在中学到大学、乃至工作时间段上,只要你还在学习,它们都是我比较推荐你去做的事情,慢慢的你的条理性就培养出来了,效率加快也成必然。

 

 

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